Tevrede Formation

Tevrede Fm

Period:

Permian

Age Interval:

Early Permian (Asselian-Kungurian)

Province:
SouthAfrica-Namibia-Botswana

Type Locality and Naming

Waterberg-Erongo area, central Namibia. It was formally identified and described from borehole cores by Gunthorpe (1987). Included in Ecca Gr in Waterberg Basin.

Synonym:

Lithology and Thickness

Approximately 40 meters thick. The succession comprises glauconite-bearing mudstones, sandstones, and coal seams.

Lithology Pattern:

Claystone

Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Unconformably overlies the Neoproterozoic Damara basement rocks, though it may speculatively rest on thin, highly localized glaciogenic Dwyka equivalents in the deepest parts of the basin.

Upper contact

Unconformably overlain by the Early Triassic fluvial red beds of the Lower Omingonde Fm. This contact is a major disconformity (marked by a pedogenically modified paleosol surface at the top of the Tevrede) representing a massive depositional hiatus of up to 40 million years.

Regional extent

Regional equivalent of the Lower Permian Ecca Gr (and potentially uppermost Dwyka Gr) within the fault-bounded Waterberg Basin. Restricted to the subsurface of the Waterberg-Erongo Basin in central Namibia. Due to its stratigraphic position and the overlying unconformity, it rarely outcrops and is known almost exclusively from drill cores.

GeoJSON

null

Fossils

Age

Early Permian (Asselian-Kungurian). While lacking direct biostratigraphic dating, it is firmly correlated via lithostratigraphy to the coal- and glauconite-bearing Lower Permian Ecca Group deposits of southern Namibia (e.g., Karasburg/Aranos basins) and South Africa.

Age Span:

Beginning stage:

Asselian

Fraction up in beginning stage:

0.1

Beginning date (Ma):

298.35

Ending stage:

Kungurian

Fraction up in the ending stage:

1.0

Ending date (Ma):

274.37

Depositional setting

Depositional pattern:

Additional Information

Compiler:

From the O. Catuneanu et al. / Journal of African Earth Sciences 43 (2005) 211–253; Gunthorpe, R. J. (1987): Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Permo-Triassic Karoo Sequence in the Waterberg Basin, Namibia.